Bài 20: Nói v? chuy?n quá kh? - th? gi? ð?nh

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

Bà Ruth và bà Dorothy l?i nói chuy?n v? ngày xýa.

RUTH: If I'd lived in Sydney, I'd have learnt to swim.

DOROTHY: If I'd lived on a farm, I'd have owned a horse.

RUTH:

• If I'd stayed at school, I'd have gone to university. 

• If I'd stayed at school, I might've gone to university.

DOROTHY: I wouldn't have worked in Brown's Bakery.

RUTH: If I hadn't left school at fifteen, I'd have gone to university.

DOROTHY:

• If I'd married, I'd have had lots of children. 

• If I'd married, I might've had lots of children.

RUTH: I'd have been very happy if I'd had lots of children. I'm sure Iwould've.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

a farm

[ 'fam ]

nông tr?i

to own

[ 'o?n ]

làm ch?, s? h?u

Part 3 - LESSON: talking about the past - the 3rd conditional

(nói v? chuy?n quá kh? - th? gi? ð?nh)

Khi nói v? các t?nh hu?ng không có th?c ? trong quá kh?, chúng ta áp d?ng câu ði?u ki?n th? ba. Thí d?:

If I had lived in Sydney, I would have learnt to swim.

Giá nhý c?n s?ng ? Sydney, tôi ð? h?c bõi r?i.

Trong thí d? v?a r?i ð?ng t? ? m?nh ð? 'if' ðý?c chia ? th?i quá kh? hoàn thành và ð?ng t? ? m?nh ð? chính ðý?c chia ? th?i hi?n t?i hoàn thành.

IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD + PERFECT

If I had lived on a farm, I would have owned a horse.

Giá nhý tôi s?ng ? trang tr?i, tôi ð? có ng?a.

Trong th?c t? ch? ?y không s?ng ? trang tr?i nên ðâu có ng?a. Các m?nh ð? ? câu ði?u ki?n có th? hoán v? v? trí cho nhau ðý?c:

I would have owned a horse, if I had lived on a farm.

Giá nhý tôi s?ng ? trang tr?i, tôi ð? có ng?a.

Câu ði?u ki?n th? ba ? d?ng ph? ð?nh thý?ng ð? c?p t?i m?t th?c t? là nh?ng hành ð?ng này th?c s? ð? x?y ra. 

Thí d?:

If I had not left school at fifteen, I would have gone to university.

Giá nhý tôi không b? h?c lúc 15 tu?i tôi ð? vào h?c ð?i h?c.

Trong th?c t?, ch? ?y ð? b? h?c lúc 15 tu?i, b?i v?y ch? ?y không h?c lên t?i ð?i h?c. Cách nói này ch? là m?t gi? thi?t.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Ði?m chính c?a bài h?c này là t?p trung vào câu ði?u ki?n th? ba câu gi? ð?nh. Cách nói các gi? ð?nh th?t khó, v?y b?n h?y luy?n nói các câu sau:

She would have had help.

[ ?i 'w?d hæv hæd h?lp ]

She would've had help.

[ ?i 'w?d_?v hæd h?lp ]

She would not have had help.

[ ?i 'w?d 'n?t hæv hæd h?lp ]

She wouldn't've had help.

[ ?i 'w?d_?nt_?v hæd h?lp ]

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

Ð? ngh? b?n hoàn ch?nh bài h?i tho?i sau ðây trong ðó có s? d?ng các ð?ng t? trong ngo?c. 

Thí d?:

JILL: Well if you hadn't braked (brake) so hard, we wouldn't have had (have) the accident.

JACK: If you_______________ (shout) at me, I_______________(brake) so hard.

JILL: . If you_________________ (rush) so much, I_____________ (shout) at you

JACK: If you________________ (tread) on the plate, I____________ (rushed) to the hospital.

JILL: But if you_______________(drop) the plate, I_______________ (tread) on it.

JACK: And if you______________(ask) me to do the washing up, I______________________(drop) the plate.

JILL: So, it's all my fault is it?

JACK: Yes. If you_____________(ask) me to do the washing up, we_________________________(have) the accident.

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 16 (gi?i ðáp cho Bài t?p trong Bài 16):

1. People eat a lot of pies in Australia. A lot of pies are eaten in Australia.

2. I have lost my hat. My hat has been lost.

3. I will serve drinks later. Drinks will be served later.

4. We speak English here. English is spoken here

5. You must not touch the flowers. The flowers must not be touched

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 19 (gi?i ðáp cho Bài t?p trong Bài 19):

A. Have you spoken to Mary? A asked if B had spoken to Mary.

B. Yes. I rang her this morning. B replied she had rung Mary this morning.

A. How are the arrangements for the party? A asked B how the arrangements were for the party.

B. It'll be noisy. I hope the neighbours don't complain.

B explained that it'd be noisy and hoped that the neighbours wouldn't complain.

A. Well, we can always turn the volume down.

A suggested that they could always turn the volume down.

B. By the way, why don't you ask Betty along? B told A to ask Betty along.

A. That's a good idea. See you tomorrow then.

A replied that it was a good idea and she would see A tomorrow.

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 20 (gi?i ðáp cho Bài t?p trong Bài 20)

JACK: If you hadn't shouted at me, I wouldn't've braked so hard.

JILL: . If you hadn't rushed so much, I wouldn't've shouted at you

JACK: If you hadn't treaded on the plate, I wouldn't've rushed to the hospital.

JILL: But if you hadn't dropped the plate, I wouldn't've treaded on it.

JACK: And if you hadn't asked me to do the washing up, I wouldn't've dropped the plate.

JILL: So, it's all my fault is it?

JACK: Yes. If you hadn't asked me to do the washing up, we wouldn't've had the accident.

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Episode 20:

Well, the story is finished, but there are a few things I haven't explained. This is what happened at Richmond. The police had been watching the house all night. They knew that Mandy was tied to a chair, and Vincent had a gun. Just before mid-day, Vincent left his gun on a table and went to another room to talk to Pamela.

The police broke into the house, arrested Pamela and Vincent, and untied Mandy. So I hadn't been needed after all. I was glad of that! Pamela was working for another group of researchers. She had pretended to be a friend of Diana's, and she had been with Diana when I phoned. She locked Diana in a room and travelled to Melbourne on Diana passport. It was lucky for her that they looked alike.

Stanley Vincent was also in the gang. He had driven Cotton to the country at gunpoint. Cotton wouldn't tell him anything, so he took Cotton's second briefcase, then killed him. But the documents were not in the second briefcase, as we know.

Vincent found the numbered disk and guessed that the documents must be at the hotel. So Cotton had been killed before Judy and I went on our fishing trip. Vincent had gone to the hotel, and when the safe key was missing, he broke into our house.

And now, of course, Vincent and Pamela were under arrest. Vincent had been charged with the murder of Henry Cotton. 'Thank goodness it's all over,' sighed Judy. 'In future, Joe, you must mind your own business. If you hadn't been so curious, we wouldn't have been involved!' I looked at Ben and Mandy, sitting together on the lounge. They looked very happy. I smiled.

'If I hadn't been involved, Mandy wouldn't have met Ben, would she? I think this calls for a celebration. Champagne?'. And everyone agreed.

Bài 19: Câu tr?c ti?p và gián ti?p

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

Jackie và Martin là hai ngý?i b?n tr?. H? nói chuy?n v?i nhau qua ði?n tho?i.

Dialogue:

JACKIE: Hi Martin. Jackie here.

MARTIN: Hi. How are you?

JACKIE: Fine thanks. I really enjoyed the movie last night. It was very exciting.

MARTIN: Yes. It was. Oh, by the way, I saw Mary this morning.

JACKIE: Mary Jones, you mean?

MARTIN: Yes. I bumped into her at the library. Let's all meet for a drink on Saturday. Can you help me with my essay tonight?

JACKIE: No. I can't Martin. I'm going to the theatre.

MARTIN: Oh. That's OK.

JACKIE: Why don't you give Ben a call.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

an essay

[ '?sei ]

bài ti?u lu?n, lu?n vãn

a library

[ 'laib(?)ri ]

thý vi?n

a movie

[ 'muvi ]

phim ?nh, xi nê

exciting

[ ' ?ksaiti? ]

h?ng thú, h?i h?p

to bump into

[ 'b?mp?intu ]

vô t?nh g?p ai ðó

to agree

[ ?'gri ]

ð?ng ?

to ask

[ 'ask ]

h?i

to explain

[ ?k 'splein ]

gi?i thích

to reply

[ r? 'plai ]

tr? l?i

to suggest

[ s?'d??st ]

g?i ?, ð? ngh?

to tell

[ 't?l ]

nói, k?

Part 3 - LESSON: direct and indirect speech (câu tr?c ti?p và gián ti?p)

Trong cu?c s?ng hàng ngày, ðôi lúc chúng ta c?n ph?i nh?c l?i l?i nói c?a m?t ngý?i khác. Hay nói m?t cách khác là chuy?n t? câu tr?c ti?p sang câu gián ti?p. B?n h?y nghiên c?u k? ví d? sau câu tr? l?i c?a ch? Jackie qua ði?n tho?i:

TRACEY:

What did you say? (Ch? ?y nói g??)

JACKIE: She said she was leaving in half an hour. (Ch? ?y nói r?ng n?a ti?ng n?a ch? ?y s? ra ði.)

Trong thí d? này, ð?ng t? 'to say' ðý?c chia ? th?i quá kh?, do v?y th?i c?a ð?ng t? ðó ? câu gián ti?p c?ng ðý?c chuy?n sang quá kh?. Khi nói câu gián ti?p m?t s? ð?ng t? c?n ph?i có t? 'that' ði cùng. Thí d?:

Jackie replied that she was fine. Ch? Jackie tr? l?i r?ng ch? ?y kh?e.

Martin explained that he'd bumped into her. Anh Martin gi?i thích r?ng anh ?y vô t?nh g?p ch? ?y.

V?i các ð?ng t? khác, các b?n có th? dùng hay không dùng t? 'that':

• Jackie agreed they should meet.

• Jackie agreed that they should meet.

Jackie ð?ng ? là h? nên g?p nhau.

Khi mu?n chuy?n t? tr?c ti?p sang gián ti?p, các b?n có th? dùng các ð?ng t? sau ðây, ngoài ð?ng t? 'to say'.

to agree ð?ng ?

to ask h?i

to explain gi?i thích

to reply tr? l?i

to tell nói, k?

to suggest g?i ?

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Trong Ti?ng Anh, v? ng? ði?u lên gi?ng di?n ð?t ? không ch?c ch?n b?ng ng? ði?u xu?ng gi?ng, cho nên ng? ði?u lên gi?ng có th? ðý?c dùng ð? t? thái ð? l?ch s? ð?c bi?t là khi b?t ð?u m?t cu?c h?i tho?i. Ngý?i ta thý?ng s? d?ng ng? ði?u ðó khi tr? l?i ði?n tho?i. Thí d?:

Hi Martin. Hi Jackie.

Các b?n h?y ðóng vai ngý?i bán hàng và t?p nói các câu sau ðây:

A. Can I help you?

B. Yes. I'm looking for some apples.

A. The ones on the sheft are very fresh.

B. No thank you. They're too soft.

A. Would you like to try these then?

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

B?n h?y chuy?n các câu sau ðây sang gián ti?p và c? g?ng s? d?ng các ð?ng t? khác nhau thay cho ð?ng t? 'said': to agree, to ask, to explain, to reply, to tell, to suggest.

A. Have you spoken to Mary?

B. Yes. I rang her this morning.

A. How are the arrangements for the party?

B. It'll be noisy. I hope the neighbours don't complain.

A. Well, we can always turn the volume down.

B. By the way, why don't you ask Betty along?

A. That's a good idea. See you tomorrow then.

B. Bye.

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Episode 19:

We didn't sleep much that night. The detective phoned next morning and went through the plan. He told me that the police were going to Richmond.

'Pamela said that I wasn't to tell you,' I said anxiously, but Detective Baker said that I should trust him, and do what Pamela had said. I went to the hotel, collected the briefcase, and drove to Richmond. The briefcase looked the same, and it felt the same, but didn't know whether it still contained the documents. Exactly at mid-day I pulled up outside a small house and got out of a car. I had just opened the gate when Mandy ran out the front door, down the path and into my arms.

'Are you all right, Mandy?' I asked her.

'Fine now,' she said as she hugged me. Two things happen then. The detective emerged from the house, followed by Pamela and Vincent, the small, red-faced man. Both wore handcuffs. Two policemen were behind them. And Ben Morris came out from behind the house. Mandy left me, and walked into Ben's outstretched arms. 'Hey, wait a minute... ' I began. The detective smiled.

'He's OK, Mr. Moon. I told you. He was helping us with our enquires.' And I said... 'But didn't that mean he was under arrest?' Ben laughed, and he asked Mandy, 'Did you think that I'd been arrested too?' Mandy nodded, still holding him tight. The detective said seriously, 'We were concerned for his safety. We looked after him, and he helped us to find the real Diana Cotton.' The detective said that he'd contact us later, and he put Pamela and Vincent into a police car. Mandy, Ben and I went home. And that's really the end of the story. But next time, I'll tell you about Pamela. And how Henry Cotton died. And how Stanley Vincent had known there was something in the safe.

Bài 6: Cách ð? ngh?, g?i ? và khuyên

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUES (ð?i tho?i)

Anh Daren làm vi?c ? chýõng tr?nh ðàm tho?i tr?c ti?p trên ðài phát thanh. B?n nghe ðài g?i ði?n tho?i ð?n và h?i anh ð? lo?i câu h?i. Ch? Kathy g?i ði?n ð?n và nh? anh ch? b?o m?t chuy?n.

Dialogue 1:

DARREN: Hello. Who do we have here, and how can I help?

KATHY: My name's Kathy. I've been invited to a wedding next month and I've never been to an Australian wedding before. Should I wear a formal dress?

DARREN: You must look nice. You should dress up but you don't have to wear a dress. You could wear a suit or pants.

KATHY: I've got a lovely white dress I'd like to wear.

DARREN: You shouldn't really. The bride wears white and you mustn't compete with her.

KATHY: Oh I see. OK... The wedding's in a church. Do I have to wear a hat?

DARREN: No. Nowadays, you don't have to, but you can.

M?t b?n nghe ðài khác c?ng g?i ði?n t?i và k? r?ng, m?t hôm sau gi? làm vi?c anh ?y ði quán v?i m?y ngý?i b?n. M?i ngý?i u?ng bia, c?n anh ?y ch? u?ng ný?c cam và r?i ra v?. Sáng hôm sau, anh ?y nh?n th?y các b?n có v? xa lánh m?nh. Không hi?u t?i sao, anh h?i Darren.

Dialogue 2:

MAN: Do you think I should drink beer with them?

DARREN: No. You don't have to drink beer, but you should still buy a shout before you go home.

M?t b?n nghe ðài khác, m?t cô gái làm vi?c vãn ph?ng nói v?i anh Darren r?ng ? cõ quan cô m?t ngý?i s?p chuy?n ði nõi khác. Các b?n ð?ng nghi?p b?o cô góp ti?n ð? mua t?ng ph?m. Cô ?y mu?n bi?t là m?nh có nên góp ti?n không.

Dialogue 3:

WOMAN: Do I have to put in money?

DARREN: No. You don't have to, but a small amount would show goodwill.

Lauren, m?t thi?u n? ðý?c b?n trai cùng l?p m?i ði nhà hàng. Em bi?t là b?n c?a m?nh không có nhi?u ti?n, và ðang phân vân là có nên t? tr? ti?n xu?t m?nh ãn không.

Dialogue 4:

LAUREN: Do you think I should offer to pay for myself?

DARREN: You should offer, but you mustn't insist if he doesn't want you to.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

a bride

[ 'braid ]

cô dâu

a church

[ 't??t? ]

nhà th?

goodwill

[ g?d'wil ]

thi?n chí, l?ng t?t

a shout

[ '?a?t ]

s? th?t ð?i, cu?c khao (m?t ch?u ãn u?ng)

Cách nói thân m?t

a suit

[ 'sut ]

b? com lê

a wedding

[ 'w?di? ]

ðám cý?i

formal

[ 'f?m?l ]

theo nghi th?c, theo th? th?c, tr?nh tr?ng

to be obliged

[ bi??b'laid?d ]

b?t bu?c

to compete

[ k?m'pit ]

ðua tranh, ganh ðua, thi ð?u

to dress up

[ dr?s?'?p ]

m?c cho ð?p m?t chút (ð? ði ra ngoài)

to put in

[ p?t?In ]

góp ti?n

Part 3 - LESSON: making suggestions and giving advice

(ð? ngh? và khuyên)

Khi ðýa ra l?i khuyên, chúng ta thý?ng dùng các t? nói lên các ? 'nên'. Trong ti?ng Anh, các t? ðó ðý?c g?i là 'modals' hay là tr? ð?ng t? ? ti?ng Vi?t. Must ðý?c dùng khi ch? r? vi?c c?n ph?i làm vi?c g? ðó, và mustn't ðý?c dùng khi mu?n nói r?ng vi?c ðó không c?n thi?t. 

Thí d?:

You must look nice. B?n ph?i ãn m?c sao cho ð?p.

You mustn't compete with her. B?n không nên ph?i ganh ðua v?i ch? ?y.

(Không nên 'chõi tr?i')

M?t cách nói khác ð? di?n t? ? 'c?n ph?i':

You have to look nice. B?n ph?i m?c sao cho ð?p

Trong hai t? 'have to' và 'must', v? ng? ngh?a có khác nhau m?t chút xíu. 'Have to' ðý?c dùng v?i ngh?a s? b?t bu?c do ngo?i c?nh, trong khi 'must' ph?n ?nh s? b?t bu?c là do ? ki?n c?a ngý?i nói. Song, khi t? 'have to' ðý?c dùng ? th? ph? ð?nh nó không c?n có ngh?a là b?t bu?c n?a mà mang nhi?u ngh?a là không c?n thi?t.

You do not have to look nice. B?n không c?n ph?i ãn m?c ð?p.

M?t tr? ð?ng t? khác ðý?c dùng ð? nói lên ? không c?n thi?t, ðó là t? 'needn't' :

You needn't look nice. B?n không c?n ph?i m?c di?n.

Hai t? 'should' và 'ought' thý?ng ðý?c dùng ð? khuyên m?t cách chung chung và ph?n ánh ? ki?n c?a ngý?i nói v? các v?n ð? mà ngý?i nói không có quy?n thay ð?i.

• You should buy a shout before you go.

• You ought to buy a shout before you go.

B?n c?ng nên khao m?t ch?u bia trý?c khi ra v?.

Th? ph? ð?nh c?a hai t? v?a r?i là 'shouldn't' và 'ought not to'. Hai tr? ð?ng t? ph? ð?nh v?a r?i thý?ng ðý?c dùng khi mu?n khuyên ngý?i khác không nên làm vi?c g? ðó. 

Thí d?:

• You shouldn't wear formal clothes to a barbecue.

• You ought not to wear formal clothes to a barbecue.

B?n không nên ãn m?c di?n khi ði chõi và ãn th?t ný?ng ? ngoài tr?i.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (cách phát âm)

Các câu h?i b?t ð?u b?ng 'should' c?ng thu?c d?ng câu h?i 'yes/no', do v?y khi h?i các b?n c?n ph?i lên gi?ng ? cu?i câu. Ð? ngh? các b?n luy?n các câu h?i sau ðây:

• Should I wear a formal dress?

• Should I drink beer with them?

• Shouldn't I wear white ?

• Shouldn't I offer to pay?

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

Ð? ngh? các b?n chuy?n câu sau ðây sang các cách nói khác, có s? d?ng các tr? ð?ng t? h?c trong bài hôm nay.

1. Everyone is obliged to remove their shoes.

2. Is it really necessary for us to argue?

3. We really are obliged not to tell you.

4. It is not advisable to smoke.

5. You are obliged to have a licence.

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Vocabulary:

odd

[ '?d ]

l? lùng

to be against the rules

[ bi?j ??g?nst ???'r??lz ]

vi ph?m n?i quy

to go on leave

[ 'go??w??n liv ]

ngh? phép

Episode 6:

I was looking forward to meeting Diana Cotton. I wanted my daughter Mandy to meet her, too. I thought we could invite Diana and her father to dinner at our place, but Judy didn't agree.

'You mustn't do that,' she said. 'He's an important man.' Maybe she was right, but I wanted to ask them. People staying in hotels like a home-cooked meal, and my wife's an excellent cook! But Diana didn't come to Melbourne after all.

'That's a shame,' I said when Cotton told me that Diana wasn't coming. 'Is she too busy to get away?'

'Yes...' Cotton said. 'As a matter of fact, I'm please she has decided not to come.' I suppose I looked surprised, and Cotton explained, 'She's safer in Hong Kong. And that reminds me Joe... the briefcase...'

'Yes,' I said. 'It's quite safe.' But he went on...'Would you mind checking it for me?' I knew the briefcase was OK. I had looked at it again that morning, but I said.

'Sure. No problem.' We were standing not far from my office, so I said, 'Why don't you come with me? It won't take a minute.' But Cotton replied quickly, 'No, no. I shouldn't be seen there... I'll go to my room. Please phone me.'

Cotton walked to the lift, and I went to my office. The briefcase was there, of course, just where I had left it. I phoned Cotton.

'By the way, Sir,' I told him, 'I'm going on leave next week. Dave will be doing my job. Should I tell him...'

'No!' Cotton interrupted me. 'No, don't tell anyone! And don't give Dave the key to the safe.'

It was against the rules, but when I went on leave I took the key to the safe with me. Dr. Cotton trusted me, and I would not let him down.